Adopted By The Odeon Cinemas For Better Business Marketing Essay

Adopted By The Odeon Cinemas For Better Business Marketing Essay ABSTRACT In the present report the concept of E- Business and the importance of the E-Business in the present day Business operations has been discussed and analysed. The E-Business strategies adopted by the Odeon Cinemas for better business prospects and also the features included in the website for online customer relationships are analysed carefully. Online transactional facilities given by the Odeon cinemas are studied and also the networking sites used by the Odeon cinemas for promotions and advertisements are analysed. Details of page views of the website are included for better understanding of usage of website. After understanding the various E-Business strategies of the Odeon Cinemas few recommendations are made for better and more user friendly website. Introduction to E-Business: Electronic Business is defined as All electronically mediated information exchanges, both within an organization and with external stakeholders supporting the range of business processes (E-Business and E-commerce management, Dave Chaffey, 2009). It is also known as the process used to describe the information systems and applications for effective business operations. Companies across the globe are competing in serving the customers with varied interests and ideas. It is used for enhancing the competitiveness of an organisation by implementing the innovative technologies and advanced communication mediums in internal and external processes of the organisation (Dave Chaffey, 2009). E- Business has become the platform for the organizations and customers for better sharing of relationships. E-Business strategies help the company to reach the customers of various segments in an efficient way. The idea of E-Business takes the companies much closer to the customers and business partners a nd also it enhances the overall business performance by linking processes within the organization and outside the organization. Advantages of E-Business: Worldwide Presence Cost Effective Marketing and Promotions Developing a Competitive Strategy: Better Customer Service COMPANY INFORMATION: Odeon is one of the largest cinema chains with more than 100 cinemas spread across the country. It is also ranked among the best entertaining cinemas in the market, and it is also known for its eighty years of experience in entertaining the people of United Kingdom. The website of Odeon cinemas has all prerequisites required by the movie lovers; it also consists of many features which makes the loyal customers feel more satisfied. Majorly the content of home page of the website has been designed very user friendly so that the customers get almost every option by just viewing the home page. Odeon being a well known entertaining company in United Kingdom has been consistently working on the website for better look and user friendliness so that it can retain the esteemed customers in the long run. Odeon cinemas website has all options like Login/sign up option which is used for updating the customers with new offers and promotions regularly. It also has easier way of getting premiere club membership which helps in maintaining the good customer relations. Odeon cinemas are always been in first position in serving its premiere club loyal customers by best offers and promotions. It has made considerable progress during the last decade in terms serving the customers and revenue generation. Odeon has introduced point system for every visit of this site for its premiere club members so that the optimized use of the website can be done. Movie lovers will also get the updates like now booking, new releases and coming soon movies where in the customers can pre plan the visit the cinemas. The website facilitates high definition trailers on websites with movie ratings which gives the overview of the movie to the movie lovers and the loyal customers. The following graph gives daily traffic rank trend of the Odeon.co.uk for last six months, the gradual growth can be observed in the graph which is positive sign for the website and also gives monthly traffic rank. ODEON CINEMAS -BRANDING: Odeon cinemas Fanatical about Film is well known for its brand and existence in the UK entertainment market since decades. Its brand is key factor which makes the Odeon cinemas ahead when compared to its counter parts in United Kingdom. ODEON evolved as a market leader in United Kingdom in 1998 as a result of an extensive re-branding campaign and also it introduced Fanatical About Film to the UK cinema-goer. The re-branding and refurbishment campaign has enhanced the brand value of the company. Odeon- Brand Icon: The company has tremendous reach to the customers over seven decades with 100 cinemas across the United Kingdom. It is always been ahead in serving the customers by various promotional activities; the websites of Odeon cinemas is well segmented and has elements for every age of customers. Nevertheless the company has to concentrate on loyal customers as these customers promote brand indirectly. After acquiring the Odeon cinemas in 2004, the United Cinemas international as changed its name to Odeon cinemas in United Kingdom, which is much more familiar to the people in the United Kingdom. Odeon is looking ahead for exiting period of development, which makes Odeon cinemas unique in serving the loyal and esteemed customers. Challenges for Brand: Today the entertainment market has turned highly competitive and the companies have to be more customers centric for successful business operations. In this global arena it is challenging to the companies to maintain the brand value recognition in the market. It is very important aspect of having keen look on the customers tastes and preferences which are changing rapidly with the time. Particularly companies like entertaining are facing many challenges to keep their customers satisfied. Here in the present case the challenging aspect to the Odeon cinemas is to competition from other counter parts like Cine world Cinemas and VUE Cinemas which operates 68 cinemas in different parts of United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. Brand popularity: In the present day scenario the popularity and the Brand value of the company plays a vital role in making the business successful. Odeon needs to adopt few marketing strategies like advertising on other popular websites which generates more business. Online branding is an important aspect of marketing strategies which gives both the identity and helps in maintaining the reputation and it leads to competitive edge over other cinemas in United Kingdom. Comparisons with other key market players in United Kingdom: Scale is based on the average worldwide traffic of Odeon cinemas in all years The above clearly shows that the average worldwide traffic range of the Odeon cinemas website is in second position just after the one of its counter parts. Odeon cinemas also has 50:50 joint venture on cinema advertising with Cineworld group PLC (Interactive Investor Jun 10 2008). ODEON CINEMAS SEGMENTATION: According to the recent survey by the FAME (Film Audience Measurement Evaluation), it is been found that approximately eighty seven percent of the people said that the cinema is their most enjoyed activity. In the recent days the rate of cinema goers is increased considerably when compared to the previous years. The number screens across the UK continuous to increase leading the increased revenues. It is found that 28% cinema-goers would like to visit multiplex cinemas and 10% prefer independent/arthouse cinemas and the 62% are open to the suggestion. The 20% of respondents consider cinema tickets to be too expensive. Keeping the findings in to consideration the Odeon cinemas has to concentrate on various sectors of the audiences. Segmentation plays significant role in the concept of Online Business. Segmentation is the process of understanding the grouping of customers in target market in order to understand the needs of the customers treating as potential revenue for developing the strategies to satisfy the customers (Dave Chaffey, 2009). Properly designed website with all the prerequisites required by the customers of various interests and tastes. Identifying the key target audiences is an important aspect and adopting the best ways of communicating with them yields good results in enhancing the brand image and also for business generation. Here in the present case the target group would be the movie lovers for the Odeon cinemas and majorly the segmentation can be carried on sex and age groups of the people. The other segments and potential online targeting market are new contacts, existing customers, social group, geographic location, responsiveness to different offers, responsiveness to campaigns (Dave Chaffey, 2009). Cinemas should concentrate on each individual segment by allotting the screens to specific movies. Cinemas should come up with different promotional activities like gift vouchers and lucky draws in order to grab the attention. In the present case the Odeon cinemas has premiere club membership option to target the loyal customers and retain them for long term relationships. New customers can be targeted by effective promotional activities like mobile marketing strategies, group tickets, student discounts, children films, unlimited access cards. Different premiere club membership options like quarterly and half yearly also grabs the attention of the customers. ONE ELEMENT OF E-MARKETING MIX: The concept of E-marketing mix is a bit different from when compared to the traditional marketing mix, traditional marketing mix involves product, price, promotion and place strategies are developed for traditional counter business. Due to the rapid technology growth the internet has brought considerable change in the way we sell our products and services. Today the consumers make use of internet to get the required information before they service or product and also people prefer to buy products or services online in order to avoid walking in to the counters. The companies have to be quick in serving the customers in an easier way with less cost. Today many international organizations implementing for better business operations internally and externally. Particularly the entertainment companies have scope for optimizing their business operations by going on internet. Cinema sector has significant role in satisfying the customers by implementing the advanced internet services and com munication revolution (Principles of Marketing by Philip Kotler). The digital media advancement has affected every aspect of business processes, marketing and marketing mix strategies (Dave Chaffey, 2009). Marketing mix is a concept of varying the mix elements like price, promotion, place and product to serve the customers in best possible way. Today the entertainment companies need online strategies for attracting and retaining the customers in long run. The concept of E marketing mix considers the following elements of presenting the marketing mix online. E-product strategies E-Price strategies E-Place strategies E-Promotion strategies In the present case the E- promotion strategy has been chosen for Odeon cinemas. Promotion: Being an entertainment company Odeon has seven decades of experience in entertaining the people of United Kingdom. But today promoting business traditionally cannot reach the movie lovers with varied interests and tastes. It is also a challenging task of promoting the business online which involves many issues with practical importance. An Odeon cinema has a recognisable domain name which is prerequisite for e-promotion (Principles of Marketing by Philip Kotler). Banner promotions: Most organisations make use of webpage for advertising and also placing a banner on other frequently used websites is a common form of e-promotion.the potential customers are traced by placing the Banner advertisements on the sites which people browse most often (Principles of Marketing by Frances Brassington). The e-marketing mix must have to be efficient and effective in coordinating with individual elements for successful online marketing strategy. Key elements in Promotion: Sales Promotion. Odeon has come up with the sales promotion activities like cash price and cinema tickets every day for who earns more points by visiting the cinemas. This promotional activity generates the business and also enhances the brand value. The promotional activities like free soft drink also helps in making customer satisfied and it leads in making the customer prefer to visit Odeon cinemas frequently. Web Public Relations The scope for bringing the customer in is a bit high for this method of promotion. Odeon places the News worthy stories like Golden globe awards on the webpage. This creates an interest in audience to watch the films. The other way of is to send WPR articles to review sites for consumers to read by which the probability of business generation increases (Principles of Marketing by Philip Kotler). Public Relations are defined as the deliberate, planned and sustained effort to establish and maintain mutual understanding between an organization and its publics (Institute of Public Relations). Good public relations are very important for any organization in long run for successful business operations and enhanced brand image. Odeon cinemas has premiere club membership option which helps for retaining the loyal customers and also it helps in serving the esteemed customer by special offers. Direct Mail: In the present day scenario as a result digital media communication revolution and rapid growth of internet services made drastic changes in advertising methods and also in customer relation management methods. The concept of direct mail is an efficient method for targeting customer group with the available database which is developed by login/ sign up option. The promotions and offers ate mailed to the potential customers. It helps in retaining the loyal customers. It also helps for monitoring the responses of customers which gives scope for further development of website and serving methods (Principles of Marketing by Philip Kotler). Advertising: Though the term advertising sounds quite familiar in traditional marketing strategies, it also plays a vital role in online business operations. Today the companies are very much concentrated on Internet advertising along with traditional marketing approaches as online advertisement gives wider coverage and reaches to more number of people in an easier way. Online advertisement has gained a prominent position because of the technological revolution across the globe. It is also a cheaper and efficient way of taking product or services to the customer front. SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES: Social networks gained considerable popularity during last five years because many people think that these are online communities where people share the ideas and interests with each other. Odeon being an entertainment company has sharing with various social networking sites like Digg, Delicious, Reddit, face book, Stumble upon, which are most viewed social networking sites across the globe. Social media networks like My space and Beebo are also falls in most frequently browsed websites. The viral nature of these social online networks helps for better business profits. Today companies from different sectors make use of this networking sites for better reach to the customers, especially for entertainment companies these websites gives better business prospects(E-Business and E-commerce management, Dave Chaffey, 2009). Social networks play an important role in influencing the perceptions about brands, products and suppliers (Dee et al, 2007). The research proves that the age and gender differences are large on the types of products discussed in the sites. The recommendations are mostly on restaurants, computers, movies and vehicles among all categories. Odeon has to advertise its offers and promotions on other frequently used sites apart from the social networking sites because upper age class audiences are still not much familiar with the social networking sites. These are the following opportunities created by social media networking Odeon Cinemas can add a human element to the business by promoting on various social networking sites. Can join the customers while they are online and it is an easy way to take the promotions offers to customer notice. It also increases the traffic to the website and enhances the brand image results in increased trust and loyalty. TRANSACTIONAL FACILITIES: An online transactional facility helps the companies for providing efficient and effective service to its loyal customers. Companies should encourage online transactions as the cost and the time involved are less when compared to the traditional transactions. In the case of Odeon cinemas the website has rich online transaction facilities like simple way of booking tickets online, readily available movie ratings, present UK top ten movie list, online premiere club card activation, online booking for conference venues. This makes the movie lovers more comfortable for transactions with Odeon cinemas. RECOMMENDATIONS: From the analysis made on the Odeon cinemas website it is found that it has many prerequisites which are required for its loyal customers. Based on the results of analysis carried on the E-Business strategies of Odeon Cinemas there are few recommendations are suggested for further business development and increase the brand value. It is well designed with most of the information on home page which increases the user friendliness and clarity of the website. Movie lovers of any age group can easily browse through the site and get the required information. Weekly newsletters with show time and announcement can be sent to potential customers by making use of advanced digital media communication. Better business generation by sending the text-based Showtime listings to mobile devices. By monitoring the UK market segment wise, each segment can be targeted with the different promotional activities which satisfy the customers. Customers can also be targeted by following the latest trends across the cinema screens and also by targeting the potential customers before the other market players target. E-business strategies also help in business generation if a proper Odeon cinema comes with offers and promotions according to the distinctive attitudes of the potential customers. CONCLUSIONS: Here in the present report the e-business strategies of the Odeon cinemas have been studied and found that the website has many prerequisites which are useful for the customers. Odeon cinemas also has good brand image and segmentation of the market has been done based on the various factors like distinctive attitudes of the customers, responsiveness for offers and promotions and responsiveness to the campaigns. The website has well connected to the social networking sites to take the offers and promotions to the large number of people in simpler way, which yields good business prospects. It also has online relationship marketing like premiere club membership and Login/sign up option which helps the Odeon cinemas in maintaining the long term relationships and also in retaining the potential customers. Based on the findings of the study few recommendations are suggested for better business opportunities with increased revenues and brand value.

Behaviors human

Behavior refers to an individual’s actions or reaction to a stimulus, which may be tangible (object, organism, etc. ) or intangible (thought, sound, smell, etc. ). There are various kinds of behaviors exhibited by human beings. Some are good and acceptable, while others are negative behaviors which could be a result of annoyance, irritability, exasperation and bothersome to a lot of people. The differences in behavior could be attributed to the influence of several factors such as culture, attitudes, values, ethics, and even genetics (Behavior, 2008).Nevertheless, people judge individual’s behavior based on their understanding, culture, norms, and other people’s influence on them. Each and every person has his or her own distinctive behaviors that can irritate, bother, and annoy other people. These types of behaviors can be seen and observed everywhere, such as in school, workplace, shopping malls, and other public places, and even at home. Thus, these unacceptab le, annoying, exasperating, and irritating behaviors can be encountered everywhere and are always inevitable to happen.For instance, in school, students exhibit behaviors that could bother and annoy someone, such as students who cheat during exams, copy homework of another classmate, and talk loudly and endlessly during class. Even teachers also display annoying or bothering behaviors. For example, teachers who give a lot of homework or are too strict could be annoying to some students and could extremely bother them. In the workplace, there are also a lot of unavoidable behaviors that one can display and can bother somebody, such as one’s co-workers or superiors.Behaviors such as constant tardiness, chatting, or talking too much during working hours, and gossiping, among others, could bring negative feelings to someone at work. At home, there could be countless behaviors of family members that can irritate another family member. There are parents, for instance, who are very strict and impose too many rules; there are also siblings who love to tease and bother their other siblings. The behaviors displayed by these people could be bothering or irritating for some family members.Finally, there are also annoying and irritating behaviors that can be observed in public places—behaviors that not only annoy, irritate, and bother someone but could also affect the environment and even the whole world negatively. For instance, throwing garbage or trash in improper places such as the street, cutting trees or illegal logging, dynamite fishing, and other reckless behaviors not only bother and annoy many people, but such behaviors also harm the environment. There are still a lot of negative and unacceptable behaviors that exist today and people exhibit all over the world.These behaviors may bring negative feelings to others, and they can sometimes destroy life. Among these bothering and irritating behaviors, some of them may be tolerable, while others can be i gnored. Behaviors that do not totally affect and hurt me as an individual can be ignored such as burping, eating without regard to proper table manners, and disobeying traffic rules. Furthermore, there are also behaviors that are tolerable, such imposing strict but necessary rules and teasing others. I find these behaviors tolerable because they do not hurt me physically, and I have the control whether I will let myself get affected by it or not.Moreover, some of these annoying behaviors can have good consequences, such as the imposing strict rules. On the other hand, there are just some behaviors that I cannot understand and tolerate at all that they make my blood boil every time I encounter them. First are the behaviors that harm the environment such as smoke belching, running factories that transmit chemicals, cigarette smoking, throwing garbage improperly, vandalizing public walls, and engaging in other illegal activities that can hurt the environment and living beings alike.I f ind these behaviors intolerable as it is not only me that may get affected by the effects of such behaviors, but there might be a lot of people in the world who may suffer and pay for such unbearable behaviors. In conclusion, there are a lot of behaviors that one can exhibit. Regardless of what they know, I think people judge behavior according to their beliefs and preferences. People demonstrate behaviors that may be acceptable or unacceptable for others, but what is deemed as acceptable and unacceptable varies from person to person. Reference Behavior. (2008). Answers. com. Retrieved January 30, 2009 from http://w

What You Must Know About Writing Reseach Paper

What You Must Know About Writing Reseach Paper If you're fighting to finish your PhD paper, but you would like to get the. Research Paper isn't a task for a single day. A research paper is generally the very first step for students to acquire funding for their project, so it's vital to create a thoughtful and deep paper. So, first of all, a college research paper has to be informative. You may end up getting the worst results in the long run. There's no need to italicize a college paper title on the most important page. In case you have any questions, you can get in touch with our friendly support team night and day and get immediate assistance. Teen self help is about learning how to deal with the troubling emotions which are so new and can occasionally overwhelm you and seem as though they might just add to the close of the world. There are many research paper samples readily available online. Employing proposal examples is a superb means to learn from somebody else's experience and make an outstanding powerful proposal. The research incorporates the outcomes of several interviews that were held in the shape of conversation so as to establish a high degree of confidence between the researcher and the respondent. Qualitative research is a powerful approach to comprehend and learn more about the meaning ascribed to a specific issue. Frequently, a distinction between both research types is framed with respect to using close-end questions as opposed to the open-ended ones or using words rather than numbers. The ability of the study should be increased by obtaining a bigger sample size. When you compose a research paper you build upon what you know about the topic and make a deliberate attempt to learn what experts know. For example, a master level research paper demands an expert with no less than a master or Ph.D. degree. Thus, a requirement to finish a clinical dissertation was included as a member of. Every scientific paper has to have a self-explanatory title. Generally the thesis statement appears as the previous sentence or a couple of the very first, introductory paragraph. Sentence structure determines the position of the parentheses. Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Writing Reseach Paper Read our article to look at the strategies and refresh your head about the general rules and soon you are go ing to learn how to compose a research paper of the greatest quality! The practice of selecting excellent research paper topics is a significant commitment. Whether you do an easy research or a complicated one for a larger project, a research outline can help you have the best outcomes. The primary purpose of example research papers is to assist students learn to develop their own assignment and to comprehend how a paper is structured. Most university courses involve some kind of extended writing assignment, normally in the kind of a research paper. Students may always get guidance about how to create great topics on the web. Generally, they don't like writing research papers, especially if they are quite long. The student hasn't yet completed the overall examination and no other faculty. As previously noted, the standard of your topic shapes the standard of your topic. Explain the goal of your paper and the way you intend to approach the topic. To reach such directedness, it is necessary to limit your topic. It's also important to pick a topic that's interesting for you. You should start out with introduction. Based on your data and the subject of your assignment, you should make an outline. An excellent thesis statement will accomplish exactly the same thing. When you get a generic instance of introduction in research paper, for example, you might not have to pay much.

Case Study - Pratt Whitney Engineering Standard Work - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1241 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Engineering Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Case Study- Pratt Whitney Engineering Standard Work Summary A standard procedure for accomplishing engineering tasks was implemented by Pratt Whitney to enhance its product development process, which has experienced some changes from the early 1990s. The methodology was tested with two programs in PW and proved to increase efficiency in the execution product designs. Introduction Pratt Whitney (PW) is an aerospace company that specializes in gas turbine manufacturing. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Case Study Pratt Whitney Engineering Standard Work" essay for you Create order Since its foundation in 1925, the company has kept leadership in the market. This leadership was accomplished by the progress of its product development process and the creation of a standard procedure named Engineering Standard Work (ESW) to comply with a changing and competitive market. This paper shows the analysis of the competitive market of the aerospace industry in the early 2000, the evolution of the PW product development process by the implementation of concurrent engineering and ESW. It is worth mentioning that the whole essay is based on the work published by Harvard Business School called à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Pratt Whiney: Engineering Standard Workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  by H. Bowen and C. Purrington. Aerospace Industry in Early 2000 and Beyond Challenges and Impact on PW By 2000, one of the main challenges faced by the aerospace industry was the intense market conditions imposed by airline companies so that high tech and more efficient engines were developed at short ti mes and lower costs. These upgrades affected negatively the market and the aftermarket revenues of PW. For instance, as the engines were more powerful the aircrafts needed fewer units, reducing sales. In addition, being more reliable, engines required less service and corrective maintenance; therefore, fewer spare parts were sold and service contracts diminished. Moreover, there was an economic recession between 2000 and 2003. Subsequently, new aircraft orders fell and also airlines decided to reduce costs by taking out circulation some old airplanes. A vast group of these grounded airplanes were powered by PW, whose profits related to service and maintenance to the engines already installed in those airplanes dropped. Assessment of Product Development at PW Before 1990, work methodology in PW was based on testing designs by prototyping (Exhibit 1). At the beginning of the 1990s, this methodology was changed by computer modelling and simulation design, this practice made th em save time and money in the design stage. In addition, the company enabled concurrent engineering by creating the Integrated Program Deployment (IPD). From the mid-90s, PW reduced developing and manufacturing costs and time by decentralizing the engineering organization to create module centers, where manufacturing and other disciplines were involved in the design. In this sense, designs were easier to manufacture and assemble. Each module center was responsible for the design of an entire assembly and also the whole process of product readiness (purchasing, manufacturing, delivering and customer support). Furthermore, wanting to reduce operating costs, PW reduced its manufacturing footmark consolidating its two facilities into one. PW was a vanguardist company; its concern about complying with the market needs (products at the cutting-edge of technology at reduced costs and time to market) made it change and improve its product development process to evolve as a more effici ent company in terms of time, costs and knowledge asset. Engineering Standard Work Engineering Standard Work (ESW) is a web-based system which provides process control by documenting proven tasks and procedures involved in a development product. The challenges related to this methodology are mentioned below. Hardness to establish standard knowledge and capabilities of engineering discipline. Mapping the huge quantities of the developing process tasks into a clear standard procedure. Deficient executive support affecting engineerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s motivation. In the paper of Kent and Purringtong (2003, pp. 9-11), the six elements of the ESW are mentioned as follow. Workflow maps, included relationship between tasks. Tools and method, provided work procedures and how to model and validate designs. Design criteria. Design standards, related to production best practices. Lessons learned. Practitioner proficiency assessments, conducted to determine the ability of the employees and levels of supervising. To implement ESW in PW, the leader of the program persuaded the senior executive vice president of the company to apply the methodology. With the directive support, ESW was accepted by each module center. While developing and employing ESW, deciding which engineer is suitable for each practice became relevant. The risk associated to ESW was the reliability of the data, since this methodology required clear and accurate information regarding engineering process proven to work. In addition, there was a concern to lose creativity and innovation among the engineers as the procedures could turn work in something monotonous. Another threat faced at that time was not to finish on time the two projects the company was working on while developing ESW. Recommendations As there is a concern in whether to apply ESW in other functions or not, and how to cultivate creative talent of engineers while working with ESW methodology, some suggestions are proposed. Analyzing the advantages and disadvantages of ESW (Exhibit 2), it is suggested that this work methodology should be applied to other PW functions. The main reason is that it creates a work standard procedure that reduces flaws and rework along the path of bringing a new product, making product design execution more efficient. Subsequently, even thought it represents over work on employees, customer requirements could be met reducing time and costs and generating a better quality and more reliable product. Due to the hazard of work repetitiveness while using ESW, cultivating creative talents of the staff is crucial to overcome competitors and satisfy customer needs. This can be assured by standardizing only the tasks that does not require innovation, and also exploiting engineerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s creativity in specific targets such a design concept and improvement of procedures. In addition, to guarantee company future leadership, efficiency and innovation are necessary goals. Even when some efficienc y was achieved with ESW, promoting engineers motivation is mandatory to accomplish both goals. This incentive could be expressed in terms of monetary reward, or prizes that elevate the workforce spirit. References 1. Bowen, H. K., and Purrington, C., 2003. Pratt Whitney: Engineering Standard Work. [pdf] Harvard Business School. Available at: https://moodle.concordia.ca/moodle/course/view.php?id=72619 [Accessed 5 February 2015] Exhibit 1. Product development evolution at Pratt Whitney Pre 1990s Early 1990s Mid- 1990s Late 1990s Worked through à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Build them and Bust themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  philosophy. Assured engineering quality by inspection. No standard work methodology made decisions and corrections rely on supervisors. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Build them and Bust themà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  approach replaced by computer modelling and simulation design. Applied concurrent engineering methodology by creating Integrated Program Deployment (IPD) and Integrated Product and Program Management Teams (IPTs and IPMTs). Decentralized engineering organization. Created module centers, they were focused on meeting technical requirements and target costs, and responsible for design, purchasing, manufacturing delivery and customer support. Consolidation of two facilities. Manufacturing footmark decreased to achieve further costs savings. Exhibit 2. Advantages and disadvantages of ESW Advantages Disadvantages Avoid re-work adding more efficiency to forward projects. Fewer failures in the design process saving development time and costs. Potential savings from fewer problems found in the field. Improve customer satisfaction. Better budgetary planning. Created extra work on employees that needed to document every engineering tasks and procedures. Engineers were reluctant to use ESW because the concern to stop innovating. Created a large amount of documents that might require training to use them properly. 1